Research
Riccardo Iacobucci
How much energy does a battery deliver in Japan's primary reserve market? One year of Tokyo grid data shows about 0.03 kWh per kW in a typical half hour.
Andrés Salazar
How does nega-posi bidding change battery revenue in Japan's primary reserve market? Simulations across four areas show 1.3–1.8 times posi-only revenue.
Riccardo Iacobucci
A year-long solar and battery simulation found forecast-led dispatch lifted battery revenue 7.40% over a fixed schedule. See the FIP and standalone cases.
Andrés Salazar
Solar rose from about 2% of Japan's generation in 2014 to nearly 10% in 2024 as new installations slowed. Explore land, cost and storage constraints.
Nana Hori
Learn how Japan's FIP premium changes with market prices and why batteries can shift solar output. See Tokyo and Kyushu data and an Arao plant case study.
Riccardo Iacobucci
Tokyo's reserve margin fell to 2.5% in June 2022. See how generation shortages, east-west grid limits and market complexity drove Japan's power crisis.